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Here is a brief elaboration on The African Churches in just a few points:

• Willie Mokalapa founded the first African independent church in Northern Rhodesia in 1900. Mokalapa broke away from the Parish Missionary Society in Bulozi in protest of the White missionaries’ bad attitude towards Africans.
• Mokalapa also condemned the colonial government for their failure to stop racial discrimination and inequality. Tire movement died when Mokalapa went to South Africa and failed to return.
• In Luapula and among the Mambwe the Watch Tower movement was by 1919 very active. It preached that only whites will go to hell but Blacks will be saved. The followers also rejected earthly authority of chiefs and the colonial government as they recognized only Gods authority.
• The Watchtower opposed racial discrimination and many other injustices committed by’ whites and the colonial administration against Africans. They, also opposed the idea of forcing Africans to take part in the First World War. In 1939 the Watch Tower movement was banned by the colonial authority’ in the Mambwe country

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